Summary: This guide covers Google Cloud Platform (GCP) best practices, including identity management, encryption, application controls, and how to enhance protection.
Cloud adoption continues at a rapid pace. As companies move assets and data to locations like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), security is becoming a critical priority.
Cloud platforms host customer databases, powering worldwide eCommerce empires. They allow workers in different countries to communicate, share files, and collaborate on complex projects. And they reduce hardware overheads, driving down costs.
Whatever role they play, cloud services need robust protection. This blog will look at how to secure assets on GCP. While Google’s tools offer some protection, there are plenty of things companies can do to supplement those tools. Let’s look in more detail and offer some GCP best practices to boost your Google Cloud security.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a collection of cloud-based services based on the powerful Google Compute Engine. It allows users to host apps, store data, implement machine learning processes, and manage app development. GCP also integrates with other Google services, including Gmail and Docs.
GCP can host a few SaaS apps or scale up to IaaS and PaaS implementations. It is a go-to platform for hosting Kubernetes cubes and cloud storage containers, with a strong record for resource availability. However, clients must implement their own security controls to protect resources hosted by GCP.
GCP security seeks to protect assets hosted on the Google Cloud Platform. The scope of security policies varies depending on each user’s cloud architecture. For example, if you use a single SaaS service, security mainly relates to access control to that individual app. But if you use a PaaS solution, security must apply across the infrastructure stack.
GCP users face a range of security challenges. Here are some critical issues that you are likely to face when following GCP security best practices.
GCP's flexibility makes it popular with cloud architects. But flexibility comes with a price: confused and complex visibility. Cloud assets can come online and disappear within hours, and security teams may not know when app configurations change. Keeping track of cloud-based assets can become extremely difficult.
One of the most important GCP best practices is maintaining strong visibility. Tracking threats and applying security controls is impossible without it. You cannot secure apps that change constantly. Environments with poorly controlled user privileges can spiral out of control, creating huge surfaces for data thieves to exploit.
Over-provisioned users pose a critical threat to cloud environments. If attackers gain the credentials of over-provisioned users, they can access confidential data, change app settings, and compromise cloud performance. Watertight access control is essential.
Security teams must create logical privileges for roles and individuals. Every GCP-hosted app requires a separate privileges policy. And admins must classify data, keeping sensitive information locked away from most users.
Without clear policies on provisioning apps, GCP environments easily fall victim to application sprawl. It is extremely easy to spin up virtual machines or add new apps on the Google platform. The resource hierarchy can change in an instant.
Balancing flexibility and security is a central challenge. Companies need clear hierarchies that reflect their organizational needs. However, users need the freedom to reshape cloud environments to fit different circumstances.
Managing access to on-premises networks is simple. Authentication occurs at a well-defined edge. But this isn’t the case with GCP. Users can access a cloud resource anywhere. They can use multiple devices and log on via insecure public networks. This makes robust IAM essential and is key to GCP best practices.
Security teams require ways to authenticate every connection request. This is particularly difficult in multi-cloud settings. As a result, companies often implement single sign-on (SSO) to connect all cloud assets.
Poorly configured GCP apps present an open door for attackers. For instance, researchers have expressed concerns about attacks originating from misconfigured virtual machines.
Users can also misconfigure Google's internal IAM tools. Administrators may fail to apply domain-restricted sharing to GCP containers or engage logging services to detect threats and weaknesses.
Another common issue is misconfigured VPC firewalls. These firewalls surround cloud data with additional protection. However, admins can set overly broad IP address ranges, permitting too much access to sensitive data.
Users must secure access to networks and manage data flows from cloud assets. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tools can track files and data and block unauthorized exfiltration, but restrictions on outbound access are not always applied properly.
Unpatched VMs present a constant security risk. If cloud environments are improperly segmented, attackers can use exploits to gain privileged access to connected resources or launch horizontal attacks.
GCP users are responsible for patch management. However, they are not always aware of their duties under the shared responsibility model. Legacy threat scanning tools can also miss unpatched cloud assets. Cloud-native, automated update management tools can fill the gap if security teams choose to use them. This is an essential GPC best practice.
There are three core reasons to follow GCP security best practices:
These three issues demand a comprehensive security response. Companies must classify and secure data, manage access, and apply encryption and regulatory frameworks through auditing and security planning.
Google has included a wide range of security features in GCP. GCP best practices include leveraging these features where possible while supplementing them with external tools. Important internal security features include:
External security systems work alongside these internal tools. For example, network penetration testing by third-party software can verify the effectiveness of GCP security. SSO and external IAM cover hybrid networks with multiple cloud deployments. VPNs encrypt data outside GCP, guarding user credentials.
Companies need to create and implement a data security strategy for their GCP deployments.
This strategy should leverage the internal tools listed above while considering specific business needs. Best practices for GCP security include the following steps.
Identity is the new battleground in cloud security. Attackers constantly seek high-value user credentials and access to confidential customer or corporate data. That’s why implementing Google’s native IAM systems should be a core priority.
Google IAM allows you to:
A strong IAM system locks down user and service accounts. Insecure connections are denied or limited, and access to resources is only possible to authorized users based on need.
However, don’t stop with Google’s internal IAM. Some critical IAM cloud functions require outside assistance.
For example, when you use GCP, you can allowlist IP addresses to block dangerous devices or networks. There is no realistic native way on Google Cloud to allowlist IP addresses. But you can use external allowlisting solutions like NordLayer to harden your overall cloud security setup.
Google allows companies a lot of control over how they segment cloud environments. But to create a secure architecture, assets and data must be visible and well-understood.
Use GCP’s internal tools to discover connected apps and create a map of the assets you need to protect. Try to trace the connections between resources. If you understand data flows and user requirements, you can create efficient groups to apply security controls.
Connect roles to cloud assets and target privileges to guard resources. For example, accountants or sales teams may require access to cloud SQL instances, but other employees do not. Always map roles to assets to avoid over-privileging users.
VPCs are guarded by internal firewalls but can communicate securely via VPC peering. IAM tools enable precise controls over VPC access, and you can create private clouds for projects or departments.
This segments the cloud environment, preventing horizontal movement for malicious actors. For instance, you can set robust barriers around cloud storage containers handling financial information, a valuable aspect of compliance strategies.
Google Cloud Platform users can rely on keys supplied by Google, but they can also provide their own encryption keys, which is potentially a more secure option.
With CSEK, keys are only known to your employees. Nobody within Google can access them. You have total responsibility to manage and change them when needed.
By default, data handled by the Compute Engine is protected by 256-bit AES encryption. Customer-supplied keys supplement this protection. They also give you more control over how to assign keys and manage access.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of identity protection when logging onto cloud assets.
MFA is not a default setting, so admins will need to remember to engage it via the IAM console. Google Cloud users can add third-party identity providers if required. This allows users to connect via external apps, making remote access more secure.
MFA options on GCP include various cloud identity factors, such as one-time passwords, email codes, or secure links sent to user devices. You can use separate authentication hardware for high-security connections or rely on less secure SMS-based authentication for a smoother but less secure access process.
GCP best practices recommend having full visibility into user activity and app configurations. Google provides a set of logging tools that collect and present information for security teams to monitor.
Users can implement Cloud Logging to collect data from Google Cloud projects. Each project has its own log bucket to contain data, which users can analyze via the Logs Explorer tool. You can also enable flow logs to gather information from Kubernetes clusters or VM groups.
If possible, integrate Cloud Logging with your enterprise-wide SIEM systems. Google lets you export log data to many popular SIEM solutions. This makes it easier to track network security via a single pane of glass. Specialist SIEM solutions also tend to provide more functionality than Google’s internal monitoring tools.
Security managers do not need to work in the dark when implementing GCP best practices. Securing novel cloud settings such as GCP can be challenging without prior experience. That’s why Google offers a series of Security Foundations Blueprints.
Blueprints provide guidance and recommended security practices. Subjects covered include critical tasks like key management, network segmentation, logging, and authentication. The information is presented in a general format but includes plenty of suggestions that will apply to most GCP implementations.
Administrators can automate many security functions on Google Cloud. Automation reduces the risk of human error and frees up time for critical security tasks.
The Security Command Center collects threat intelligence and can automatically transfer alerts to third-party SIEM systems. Users can also create automated compliance policies to check that GCP assets are properly configured.
Admins can automate password security, demanding regular resets and enforcing strong passwords. Automated app updates help keep up with virtual machine patches. Most tasks on Google Cloud have automation settings. Leverage them where possible as part of Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM).
Regular backups and disaster recovery planning are essential for maintaining business continuity and security. Data loss or system outages can seriously impact operations, making it crucial to implement backup strategies. GCP provides solutions like Google Cloud Storage and Cloud SQL, which offer automated, scalable backups to protect your critical data.
Backing up your data regularly ensures quick recovery in case of loss or failure. GCP’s storage solutions simplify this process by automating backups, helping you secure data efficiently.
Equally important is having a disaster recovery plan that details your organization's response to system failures. This plan should include steps for data recovery, switching to backup systems, and communicating with stakeholders.
Also, testing and updating your disaster recovery plan regularly ensures it remains effective, keeping your organization prepared for any potential disruption.
Compliance is crucial for organizations in regulated industries such as healthcare, finance, and government. Understanding industry-specific regulatory requirements, such as HIPAA, ISO/IEC 27001, or SOC 1, SOC 2, and SOC 3, is essential. GCP provides tools to help meet these standards, along with robust audit logging.
GCP regularly undergoes third-party audits, ensuring your cloud infrastructure complies with stringent regulatory frameworks.
In line with GCP best practices, you should implement least privilege access by refining IAM policies and regularly auditing permissions. GCP tools like the Security Command Center enable continuous compliance monitoring, ensuring you stay aligned with evolving regulations.
Google Cloud Platform is an easy-to-use, flexible, and feature-rich cloud hosting platform. And many companies use Google Cloud as a location to store or exchange confidential data. This is efficient and cost-effective, but relying on GCP comes with security risks.
Following the GCP security best practices outlined above will help achieve data security. Users can encrypt information, set internal IAM policies for apps and containers, and create firewalls around virtual machines.
However, a robust GCP security posture requires a mix of Google’s internal security functions and external solutions. NordLayer provides the ideal solution when securing Google cloud deployments.
NordLayer allows admins to integrate GCP security into their general IAM setup. Users can ensure secure access to apps via MFA and use Single Sign On to quickly access all cloud assets. They can strengthen access control with IP address allowlisting, which admits authenticated users and blocks unknown or insecure IP addresses. NordLayer applies network segmentation to separate GCP assets and encrypts data in transit to hide it from outsiders.
Add another layer to your GCP security posture with NordLayer. Our tools allow you to combine external and internal security controls. The result will be a GCP security setup that covers every vulnerability. Contact the NordLayer team today to find out more.
Joanna Krysińska
Senior Copywriter
A writer, tech enthusiast, dog walker, and amateur pastry chef, Joanna grew up in a family of engineers and mathematicians, so a techy mind is in her genes. She loves making complex tech topics less complex and digestible. She also has a keen interest in the mechanics of cybercrime.
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