VNC vs RDP: which remote desktop solution to choose

IT admins often use remote desktop solutions in their daily work. With these these tools, they can:

• Remotely update, configure, and troubleshoot servers

• Help users with technical issues or software problems

• Perform maintenance or install software on remote computers

Choosing between Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) can be challenging. Both offer remote desktop solutions but cater to different needs and environments.

RDP creates a virtual session and works mainly with Windows, while VNC captures the physical display and supports multiple platforms like Windows, Mac, and Linux. RDP is best for resource access, while VNC is ideal for screen sharing and troubleshooting. But that’s not all the difference. In this article, we’ll explore their features, differences, and use cases to help you choose the best solution for your needs.

What is VNC?

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a screen-sharing system that works across many platforms. It uses the Remote Framebuffer Protocol (RFB) to control another computer remotely.

VNC is platform-independent, making it a good choice for connecting different operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.

How VNC works

VNC transmits keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another and relays the graphical screen updates. In other words, it sends the framebuffer (the image displayed on the screen) from the server to the client. 

Here’s how it typically works:

1. The user launches a VNC client and connects to the VNC server on the remote computer
2. The server sends the screen updates to the client
3. The client sends keyboard and mouse inputs to the server

Common VNC use cases

• Cross-platform remote access. VNC connects to different operating systems, which is ideal for mixed-OS environments
• Remote support. VNC provides technical help to users across various operating systems
• Access home computers. Users can access their home devices from work or while traveling

Security concerns with VNC

VNC security depends on the specific implementation and additional configurations:

• Inconsistent encryption. Not all VNC implementations provide strong encryption, which exposes sessions to potential interception
• Authentication. Weak password encryption in some VNC versions can allow attackers to intercept credentials

NordLayer enhances VNC security with features like Smart Remote Access, secure VPN connections, and traffic encryption, ensuring that remote sessions are protected from unauthorized access and data breaches.

What is RDP?

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft. It allows users to connect to another computer over a network connection.

RDP provides a graphical interface, enabling users to control the remote machine as if they were sitting in front of it. Commonly used in Windows environments, RDP supports multiple features, such as file transfer, printer sharing, and remote audio.

How RDP works

RDP transmits mouse movements and keystrokes from the user’s device to the remote computer via a dedicated network channel using TCP/IP. This channel operates on network port 3389. The user's desktop is displayed on the computer they connect to, providing a seamless experience. 

IT administrators often use RDP to access files, run applications, and perform administrative tasks on remote servers or workstations.

Here’s how it typically works:

1. The user initiates an RDP session using an RDP client

2. The client connects to the remote computer's RDP server, usually via port 3389

3. The user’s input (keyboard and mouse) is transmitted to the remote computer

4. The remote computer's screen updates are sent back to the user’s client

Common RDP use cases

• Accessing work computers remotely. RDP allows employees to access their workstations securely from any location

• Server management. IT admins use RDP to manage servers remotely, perform updates, and troubleshoot issues

• Remote support. Technicians can use RDP to provide remote support to users, resolving issues without being physically present

Security concerns with RDP

While RDP offers convenience, it is not inherently secure. It requires additional measures to ensure data integrity and prevent unauthorized access:

• Weak authentication. RDP’s default settings may allow weak passwords, making it vulnerable to brute-force attacks

• Encryption. RDP uses encryption, but it needs to be configured properly to ensure security

NordLayer addresses these vulnerabilities with advanced security features like two-factor authentication (2FA), Single Sign-On (SSO), and Identity and Access Management (IAM) tools.

Similarities between RDP and VNC

Both RDP and VNC have several key similarities that make them useful for remote desktop access:

1. Remote access: Both allow you and your team to access work computers from a remote location.
2. Client-server setup: Both technologies require client-side and server-side software to enable communication. The server component must be set up to facilitate access and manage credentials.
3. Peer-to-peer communication: Both rely on peer-to-peer communication, meaning the first computer can directly connect to the remote one.
4. Secure access: Both support secure access tools, allowing admins to manage users and ensure secure connections.

While they share these key features, the way they achieve remote desktop access differs. Read on to learn more about how each technology works.

VNC vs RDP: main differences

VNC and RDP serve similar purposes but have key differences that affect their use cases.

• Protocol and performance. RDP uses a more efficient protocol than VNC, often resulting in faster performance and better bandwidth use. However, VNC offers better compatibility with multiple operating systems, supporting Windows, Mac, Linux, and Raspberry Pi.

• Security: RDP includes built-in encryption and supports Network Level Authentication (NLA). However, it uses port forwarding for connections over the internet, which can be an exposed service. RDP tries to mitigate this with default encryption.

  In contrast, VNC uses cloud connections and requires additional configuration or tools to secure connections, making it less secure out of the box. Both technologies can be configured with advanced authentication, making VNC a secure RDP alternative.

• Compatibility. VNC is highly compatible across various operating systems. At the same time, RDP is optimized for Windows environments and may have limited functionality on non-Windows systems, making it less suitable for broad implementations across a range of devices and operating systems.

• User Experience: RDP is not a screen-sharing platform. It logs into the remote computer and creates a virtual desktop session, allowing users to share the resources of the same computer. This provides a smooth experience with features like remote audio and device redirection.

  In contrast, VNC is a screen-sharing tool that lets users take control of the remote computer during the session. While VNC focuses on compatibility and simplicity, it lacks the advanced features of RDP, making it better suited for use cases like troubleshooting.

While both protocols offer quick and easy remote access for working and troubleshooting, it’s important to consider how the flexibility, compatibility, and security of VNC and RDP align with your business needs when choosing a solution.

VNC vs RDP: which one should you choose?

Choosing between VNC and RDP depends on your specific needs and environment.

When to choose RDP

• Windows-centric environments. If your organization primarily uses Windows, RDP is optimized for this OS and provides a seamless experience
• Need for advanced features. RDP offers advanced features like remote audio, device redirection, and printer sharing, which can enhance productivity
• Higher security requirements. RDP has built-in encryption and support for NLA, providing better out-of-the-box security

When to choose VNC

• Cross-platform compatibility. If you need to connect to different operating systems, VNC is a versatile choice
• Simplicity and flexibility. VNC’s simplicity and ability to work across various platforms make it suitable for mixed-OS environments

How NordLayer can help

NordLayer enhances both VNC and RDP with secure remote access solutions. Our product supports both protocols and encrypts connections for added security. NordLayer integrates with existing IT infrastructure, providing effective management and protection for remote work environments.

Choose RDP for Windows-centric setups with advanced features and strong out-of-the-box security. Opt for VNC if you require cross-platform compatibility and simplicity. Regardless of your choice, NordLayer ensures secure, encrypted connections and effective device interconnectivity.